A.      ABSORPTION.

 

MT-001   ABSORPTION IN BUBBLE COLUMN (Absorption of Co₂)

      The     arrangement   is   semi-continuos   operation.    The 
      rotameteres  are precalibrated with Co₂ & air respectively.  
      Co₂   is   taken   from   a cylinder.  The Co₂ cylinder valve must  
      be   constantly   kept  warm by pouring water or by alternate   
      arrangement .  Air supply can be obtained from compressor  
      air   line   or   a   blower   suitable  valves are provided to control 
      gas flow rate.

 

MT-002   ABSORPTION IN PACKED COLUMN.                         

Rotameter   are   used  for air & Co₂ respectively.  Air supply   is  obtained from the compressor & Co₂ is derived from   cylinder.  A mixing length is provided for Co₂ & air to mix thoroughly. The column is of glass with rasching packing. The liquid is fed from overhead tank   through a rotameter & the liquid level controller ensures the liquid in the  disc engaging section.  Liquid is distributed by means of distributor.

 

MT-003  ABSORPTION COUNTER CURRENT WITH 
CHEMICAL REACTION

The set up consists of a still filled with benzene & the column packed with copper gauge packing to provide separation facility for the benzene from mono chlorobenzene. The chlorine concentration air stream is varied & the calculated values of reaction constant   plotted   against   chlorine concentration to classify the order of  the reaction.  The outlet gas stream is   sampled & analysed   using  an Orsat apparatus,   the  chloride gas in caustic soda in order to determine the concentration. The liquid is sampled & analysed by refractometer for mannochlorobenzene constant.

 

MT-004  FIXED BED ABSORBER.                                                            

The   unit   consists   of   a   bed  of activated carbon housed   in   a chamber, with provision for inlet of the feed gas & its exit.  Provision is made for reactivation of   bed  by means of steam heating.  The absorption chamber will be 200 mm in dia. & (40 mm long).

 

MT-005  GAS ABSORPTION APPARATUS.                        

 

The set up consists of a glass column(coming) of 75 mm   dia.  &   400  mm   long (made in two sections), rotameters   for   gas,   air   &  liquid, air compressor, control valves, pump for liquid, storing tank etc.  The unit is suitably mounted with an operating platform.

 

MT-006  MASS TRANSFER WITH CHEMICAL REACTION.        

 

The   experimental   set   up   is   designed  for mass transfer with chemical reaction from gas phase to the liquid phase.  The gas liquid contact is facilitated in a glass     column    &   arrangements   are   made   for measuring the flow rates of each.

 

MT-007  WETTED WALL COLUMN.                                          

Air  is supplied to the column at the bottom by means of   a compressor.  By pass valve & control valve are used for   varying  the air flow rate.  The conditions of air at inlet to & outlet from the column are measured by the wet   &   dry   bulb   thermometers.    Air   flow rate is measured   by   rotameter.    Water    inlet   &   outlet temperatures are measured by the thermometers.

 

B.    DISTILLATION :

 

MT-008  BATCH PLATE RECTIFICATION COLUMN.                 

                                

The   unit   consists of a column containing 13 plates used for rectification as a batch process.  The unit is designed   to   separate   most  of the two component system   &   is made up of stainless steel of AISI-304 grade.  Sight glasses, sample clocks thermo wells at suitable   locations   are provided.  Arrangements are made   to   measure   the   temperatures   at strategic locations.

 

MT-009  BUBBLE CAP DISTILLATION COLUMN.            

 

a. Distillation Column :

    Material : SS-304.

    Diameter : 110 mm

    Seven Plates with one cap per plate.

b. Feed Tank  : Material - SS-304, Capacity : 20 Ltrs.

c. Feed Tray : Special Arrangement to change feed either to fourth or fifth plate.

d. Flow Measurement :

    Rotameter ( One each for Feed, Water, reflux distillate & Bottom product )

e. Reboilers : Material SS-304

f. Condenser :

   Type : Shell & Tube

   Material : SS - 304.

   Area : 0.40 Sqm

g. Bottom Product Tank :

   Material : SS - 304.

   Capacity : 5 Ltrs.

h. Distillate Tank :

    Material : SS - 304.

    Capacity : 5 Ltrs.

i. Water Supply Tank :

   Material : SS - 304.

   Capacity : 5 Ltrs.

j. Water Pump : Tullu Make.

k. Reflux Drum  :

   Material : Glass/ SS - 304.

   Capacity : 2 Ltrs.

l. Temperature Indicator : Digital with Multi Channel Indicator

m. Sensors : R.T.D. ( P.T. 100, 11 Nos )

n. Power Consumption : 6.5 Kw.

                  
distillation column used in a glass/steel column with   perforated  plates. The feed mixture flow by gravity   through a  rotameter & enters the column in the   middle.  Vapour is generated in still by means of a electrical heater. The reflux ratio is controlled by operating  the  product & reflux value below the water cooled condenser.

 

MT-010    DISTILLATION AT TOTAL REFLUX                                      

 

            
The unit   consists   of   a    packed   column   with ceramic rasching   rings   or  berl saddes.  Four necked glass with a heating   metal  is   used   as   a reboiler.    This   system is designed    by   methnol  water system.  The vapour stream rich   in methnol flows up the column & is condensed in the condenser  provided with copper coil in which cooling water is   circulated.    The   flow   rate   of   cooling  water can be measured  through   rotameter   &   that  of the reflux by the rotameter.    The   temperature   of   various  stream can be measured.    The   density   of   bottom   &   reflux   can   be measured  by   using   specific   gravity or by the method of refractive index.

 

MT-011    DISTILLATION UNDER VACCUM (DIFFERENTIAL

                  DISTILLATION TO VERIFY REYLEGH’S EQUATION):              

The   experimental   set   up  consists of a distillation   still   is   surrounded   still is constructed out of   mild   steel.      The     steel is surrounded by a steel jacket.    The     vapour  coming from the steel are sucked   by   means   of   vaccum   pump.    only non condensable  gases     go    to   the   pump   while   the   vapour   in  condensed  in the water called condenser.  Water is   circulated  through the condenser coils by means of   a     pump     connected     to   a   pump.  The bottom product from the steel is discharged by means of the bottom   drain   point   while the condensed vapour is discharge by means of the drain.

 

MT-013    EQUILIBRIUM FLASH DISTILLATION                                 

The   apparatus   consists of an overhead tank which contains   liquid   under   going distillation.  The liquid from   the   tank   is  metered through the rotameter & then  goes inside the copper coil in the boiler.  Steam condenses   outside   the coil.  The liquid then enters the  flash chamber after being throttled by a valve.  In the   flash   chamber   the   liquid flashes into vapour partially.  The vapours are let to the condenser where  they are condensed by water.    Condensed    vapour are collected & quantity measured.   The   enriched liquid at the bottom of the chamber is collected & measured.

 

MT-014    FRACTIONAL AND RECTIFICATION COLUMN.      

                                The unit consists of :

                                a. The   main column is of SS-316 with  perforated plates. 
    The column is packed with rashing rings.

                                b. Gear   pump   for   feed   of   the   mixture 
    25 RPM capacity.

                                c. Rotameter : 0 to 15 RPM capacity.

                                d. Condenser : Is of suitable capacity with reflux divider.

 

MT-015  SIMPLE STEAM DISTILLATION.                   

The   equipment   consists  of jacketed vessel of mild steel   construction       designed       for      simple distillation.The   vessel   is  equipped with a steam trap,    steam     sparger,   mercury   valve,   pressure gauges,   temperature    indicator 
&   a   copper  coil condenser.  A glass collector steam flow rate.

 

C.    EXTRACTOR :

 

MT-016    LEACHING EXPERIMENT(SOLID LIQUID EXTRACTION)                           

The   soluble   constituent   from  a solid by means of solvent   can  be extracted by leaching process.  The process can be adopted either for the production of a concentrated  solution of valuable solid material or an insoluble solid   such as pigment may be forced from a soluble material with it is contained.

 

        This unit consists of
i. Feed Tank of 25 Ltr of SS-304.
ii. SS-304 column of having diameter 3 ˝” 
iii. Reboiler
iv. Condenser SS-304
v. Rotameter
vi. Other accessories like Digital Temperature Indicator,
    Control Valves of SS-304, Drain valve.
    All accessories mounted on M.S. Sturdy frame.

 

MT-017  LIQUID - LIQUID EXTRACTION.                           

 

       The   unit   consists   of   a   glass  column fitted with rashing ring.
i. Two precalbracated rotameters.
ii. Two feed vessels for mixture & water.
iii. Sparger
    The mixture & solvent can contacted counter urrently then
    extract & reffinate are analysed for purity.

 

MT-018  PACKED COLUMN EXTRACTION                           

The  set up consists of a metal column provided with rashing   rings   packing.   The packing is adjusted in two   sections with a liquid redistributor in the middle.  The   column  is provided with liquid distributor at the bottom     &  top.    Overhead   collecting   tanks   are provided   for   water   &  toluene with arrangement to arrange the flow rates through calibrated rotameter & inverted   manometer.    The   composition  of various streams   are  measured by titillating samples against standard sodium hydroxide solution.

 

MT-019  YORK - SCHEIBEL COLUMN.                                                  

This set  up is used to determine the overall height of a transfer   unit  (Raffinate phase), overall height of a transfer   unit   (   Extract   phase ), overall volumetric mass transfer coefficient  (Raffinate phase) & overall mass   transfer   coefficient    (   Extract    phase ) by carrying out liquid-liquid extraction in a york-scheibel column using the system acetic acid - toluene, water.

 
The   set   up   is as shown, wherein there is contract between the solvent & feed phases which results into extract & reffinate steams.  Rotameters precalibrated for   toluene   acetic   acid   &   water respectively are provided.  The continuos & dispersed phase streams are   metered  through   the   above   rotameter  & are derived  from separate glass containers.  Each stage consists   of   a  woven wire mesh section & a mixing section.    A suitable glass column section which can provide   for   about   8-10   stages   is provided.  The impeller   speed  is   set  to the desired value with the help   of   veriable   step-pulley   drive.   The  centrally mounted shaft supporting the impellers is driven with the help of suitable induction motor.  Considering the case  where  the dispersed phase flow is downwards while   the   continuos   phase   flow   is upwards, the dispersed   phase is water while the continuos phase is   mixture   of toluene & acetic acid.  In such a case the   extract   will   be   collected  from the top.  While performing this experiment the following procedure is adopted.

The   column   is   fitted  with the given toluene acetic acid   mixture.    The  rotameter readings for both the phase   are   adjusted   to   prefixed  values (1.25 to 5 Revls).    The   lower  interface is adjusted to suitable height   with   the   help   of stop clock at the reffinate collection   point.   The first observation is taken after two   lines  the mean residence time of the dispersed continuos   phase   (  depending   on which is larger).  The following  measurements are done after allowing sufficient time (approx. 10 min) for steady state to be attained.

 

a. Flow rate of extract.

b. Flow rate of reffinate.

c. Density of extract.

d. Density of reffnate.

Density of feed is also determined using hydrometer.  The   extract   &   reffinate   samples  are collected & analysied   for   acetic  acid by titillating with standard NaOH.   Similarly   the   acetic acid contain of feed is determined.    The   procedure   is   repeated  for tow different speeds if agitation.

 

D.    OTHER ITEMS.

 

MT-020    DIFFUSION CO-EFFICIENT OF CCL IN AIR            

                  SALT IN WATER                                       

                        

 

DETERMINATION OF DIFFUSION CO-EFFICIENT (CCL, IN AIR)

The   experimental   set   up consists of glass U tube with   a   capillary   base.   The U tube is immersed in water tank.  In order  to carry out diffusion at different temperatures,   water is circulated by means of pump through   a geyser.  A scale is provided in front of the capillary   for  measurement of fall liquid level.  Fan is provided   to   blow   a   gentle   current of air over the capillary   box, at a rate controlled by a butterfly valve.  The tank temperature & in turn the liquid temperature is measured by the thermometer.

 

MT-021  DIFFUSION IN STILL AIR.                                                    

This   table   mounted   set   up   is   used for measuring diffusion of carbon letrachoride in air & it’s variation with temperature.    A   vaccum   pump  is used for drawing a gentle  current of air over evaporating basin.  A heater is provided   for    determining   diffusion coefficients at the different   temperature.  The height of the glass tube will be   appox.   200   mm   &  dia. 10 mm.  The set up also consists   of   temperature   indicator, vermier calliperse, stop clock, voltmeter, ammeter, electronic dimmer etc.

 

MT-022  ION EXCHANGER                                                              

This unit   consists of two columns packed with cation & anion   resins   upto   sutiable   height.    One  tank are provided for the supply of the  Nacl solution & Ailkali solution. One  precalibrated rotameter is provided to measure   water   flow rate.  A online direct reading     conductivity    meter   electricity   operated   is provided to measure conductivity for inlet & outlet water.

                                SS tank of 60lit.capacity with a pump is provided.

 

Features :

 

i. After   giving   calculated   quantity   of water resines get exhausted.   They   can be raised after regeneration with small quantity of Acetic Acid & Alkali.

 
ii. High  purity   of   water   at low cost since conductivity is proportions to dissolve solids, its measurement is useful in   determining  quantity   of   water,   is  compared with distilled water.

         

MT-023  LIQUID - LIQUID EQUILIBRIUM                           

Liquid   extraction    or   solvent   is   the separation of the constitutes   of   a liquid solution by contact with another insoluble   liquid.    If   the   substances   constituting the original     solution     distribute    themselves   differently between   the   two   liquid   phases   certain   degree  of separation results.  Hence all three components (at least to   some   extent )  to which separation can be achieved depends   on   the tenary liquid - liquid equilibrium.  This experimental   set up is designed to establish the ternary isotherms.

 

MT-024    MODELS OF PACKING & PLATES USED FOR        

                  DISTILLATION                                           

 

 Plates          :     Sieve plate, Bubble cap.

 Packing       :     Raschig ring, Lessing ring, Pall ring. Berl Saddles.

MT-025  MASS TRANSFER IN MECHANICALLY AGITATED    

                CONTRACTORS.                                       

         

Agitation   in any liquid - liquid system is required for the following reasons : 
1. Increase of interfacial surface area by dispersing one liquid
    phase into another immiscible liquid.
2. Reduction of diffusion resistance out-side dispersed drops
3. Increase of mass transfer within dispersed drops
4. Further coalescence & redispersion of drops which
    provides mixing effect.

 

This set up is designed to :
1. Experiment for determining the critical speed of dispersion.
2. For dispersion of heavy liquid in light.
3. For dispersion of light liquid.
4. To determine the mass transfer between the two phases with
    respect to the types of dispersion, digree of agitation etc.

 

MT-026  SOLID DISSOLUTION                                                             

The   equipment   consists   of   cylinder of benzoic acid mounted   on   stainless   steel   rod  & driven by a motor through   a  step down pulley arrangement.  The RPM of the   cylinder   will   be   approx.   60   rev  /  min.  This is immersed   in  an acquious solution of sodium hydroxide of   known   concentration   so that the solid is below the surface   of   2  -  3 cms. the beaker used will be 500 ml. capacity.    The   solid   dimensions are 30 mm dia. & 60 mm.   length.   This cylinder can be prepared by pouring moutlen   with   the  shaft already heated in the center of the mold in a vertical position.

 

MT-027  VAPOUR LIQUID EQUILIBRIUM (VLE APPARATUS)   

The VLE apparatus is all glass system with provision for measuring     the     temperature    of   both   phases   at equilibrium.   It is provided with a suitable heating metal.  The   compositions   of   the equilibrium mixtures can be measured   by   any   of   the   standard   techniques like refractive index or specific gravitates.